Bisphenol A (BPA): Muaki wa Nkoka wa Switirhisiwa swa Matirhelo ya le Henhla

Nxopaxopo wo enta wa Swihlawulekisi swa Masungulo swa Physicochemical

Xivumbeko xo Hlawuleka xa Molekhuli: Molekhuli ya BPA yi vumbiwa hi mintlawa yimbirhi ya phenolic hydroxyl leyi hlanganisiweke na propane skeleton. Xivumbeko lexi xi yi nyika ntirho wo hlawuleka wa tikhemikhali. Mintlawa yimbirhi ya phenolic hydroxyl yinyika BPA nucleophilicity yo tiya, leswi endlaka leswaku yikota ku endla reaction na ti compounds tohambana hambana. Hi nkarhi walowo, propane skeleton yinyika molecule degree yokarhi ya rigidity xikan’we na steric hindrance, leswi khumbhaka ku hlawula na ntirho wa BPA eka ti chemical reactions tohambana hambana.

Swihlawulekisi swa Nyama: . BPA yina ndzhawu yo n’oka ya 158 - 159°C, ndzhawu yo vila yale henhla kuya fika eka 400.8°C, na density ya kwalomu ka 1.195g/cm3. Tindhawu ta yona tale henhla to n’oka naku vila ti tiyisisa kutshamiseka ka yona ehansi ka mahiselo ya ntolovelo xikan’we na ntshikelelo, kasi density ya yona leyi faneleke yi tlanga xiave eka swiyimo swaku tirhisiwa leswi lavaka density yokarhi ya swilo, kufana naku lulamisiwa ka ti plastics tokarhi na ti resins, laha swihlawulekisi swa density ya BPA swinga khumbhaka swivumbeko swa physical xikan’we naku lulamisiwa ka molding ya switirhisiwa swohetelela. Yi n’oka nyana eka carbon tetrachloride, ayi n’oki ngopfu ematini, kambe yi n’oka eka ti organic solvents to hambana hambana leti tolovelekeke, naswona xihlawulekisi lexi xa ku n’oka xi boha ntirho wa yona wa reaction xikan’we na tindlela to chela eka ti solvent systems tohambana hambana.

Switirhisiwa swa Nkoka eka Tinsimu to Tala

Vumaki bya Tipulasitiki na Resin:
Vuhumelerisi bya Polycarbonate (PC): BPA i xitirhisiwa xa nkoka xa raw material yo endla polycarbonate (PC). Polycarbonate yihumelela eka tinsimu totala hikokwalaho ka optical transparency ya yona ya kahle swinene (light transmittance kutlula 90%), high impact resistance (250 - 300 times that of ordinary glass), kutshamiseka kahle ka dimensional, xikan’we naku tiya ka kuhisa (heat distortion temperature kuya fika eka 130 - 140°C). Eka indasitiri ya swa elektroniki na gezi, PC yi tirhisiwa ngopfu ku endla swifunengeto swa tikhompyuta, tiselfoni, na switirhisiwa swin’wana swa elektroniki, leswi nga nyikiki ntsena nsirhelelo lowu tshembekaka eka swiphemu swa le ndzeni leswi kongomeke kambe swi tlhela swi ndlandlamuxa mphikizano wa makete wa switirhisiwa hikwalaho ka ku languteka ka swona ko saseka na xivumbeko xa kahle. Eka bindzu ra timovha, PC yi tirhisiwa ku endla swifunengeto swa mavoni ya movha, tiphaneleni ta switirhisiwa ni swiphemu swin’wana. Ku hundziseriwa ka ku vonakala lokukulu ka swifunengeto swa mavoni ya le mahlweni swi tiyisisa ku vonakala ka ku chayela ka vusiku, kasi ku tshamiseka ka tidimenxini ka tiphaneleni ta switirhisiwa ku tiyisisa nhlengeletano leyi kongomeke na ku tshembheka ka ku tirhisiwa ka nkarhi wo leha ka swiphemu. Eka ntirho wo aka, tiphaneleni ta ku vonakala ka dyambu leti endliweke hi PC, ti canopies to voninga, na switirhisiwa swin’wana switirhisiwa ngopfu eka miako ya mani na mani yofana na tindzhawu letikulu ta mavhengele na switediyamu hikokwalaho ka ku tiya ka tona lokunene ka ku khumbeka xikan’we naku hundziseriwa ka ku vonakala, leswi endlaka leswaku kuva na tindzhawu leti voningaka naku hlayiseka ta le ndzeni.

Epoxy Resin Synthesis: BPA yitlhela yiva monomer ya nkoka eka kululamisela ti epoxy resins. Ti epoxy resins tina ku namarhela lokunene naswona tinga boha swinene switirhisiwa swohambana hambana swofana na tinsimbi, mapulanga na nghilazi, hikokwalaho ti teka xiyimo xa nkoka eka nsimu ya ku namarhela. Eka indasitiri ya swihahampfhuka, swinamarheti leswi simekiweke eka epoxy swi tirhisiwa ku boha swiphemu swa xivumbeko xa swihahampfhuka ku tiyisisa vutshembeki na vuhlayiseki bya xivumbeko xa xihahampfhuka ehansi ka swiyimo swo tika swa ku haha. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, ti epoxy resins tina ku tiya ka kahle ka ti khemikhali na ku pfaleriwa naswona titirhisiwa ngopfu eka switirhisiwa swo paka swa electronic na swifunengeto. Xikombiso, ti circuit boards eka switirhisiwa swa electronic titala ku pfaleriwa hi epoxy resins ku sirhelela swiphemu swa electronic eka ku onhaka ka mbango wale handle naku antswisa ku tshamiseka na vutomi bya vukorhokeri bya switirhisiwa swa electronic. Eka xiphemu xa ku peta, swifunengeto swa epoxy resin switirhisiwa eka nsirhelelo wa le henhla ka nsimbi, leswinga lwisanaka kahle na ku bola ka swilo swa ti khemikhali swofana na ti acids nati alkalis xikan’we naku lehisa vutomi bya vukorhokeri bya switirhisiwa swa nsimbi.

Switirhisiwa Swin’wana Swa Tikhemikhali Letinene:
Ku Endliwa ka Swisivela malangavi: Swisivela malangavi swofana na tetrabromobisphenol A swinga endliwa kusuka eka BPA. Ku engeteriwa ka swilo leswi sivelaka malangavi swina nkoka swinene eka ti indasitiri tofana na switirhisiwa swa plastiki na swiambalo. Eka switirhisiwa swa tipulasitiki, swilo leswi sivelaka malangavi swi nga hunguta hi ndlela leyinene ku pfurha ka swilo. Loko yi hlangana na xihlovo xa ndzilo, gasi leyi boleke leyinga pfurhiki kumbe carbonaceous layer leyi vumbiweke leyi humelerisiwaka hi swilo leswi sivelaka malangavi yinga sivela ku hundziseriwa ka oxygen na kuhisa xikan’we naku sivela ku hangalaka ka ku hisa. Hi xikombiso, ku chela swilo leswi sivelaka malangavi eka swifunengeto swa pulasitiki swa swilo swa elektroniki ni swa gezi swi nga hunguta swinene khombo ra ndzilo ni ku sirhelela vutomi ni nhundzu ya vanhu. Eka swiambalo, ku cheriwa ka swilo leswi sivelaka malangavi swinga endla leswaku swiambalo swinga tshuki swi hisa loko u hlangana na xihlovo xa ndzilo naswona swihunguta khombo leri vangiwaka hiku hisiwa ka swiambalo eka ndzilo.

Antioxidants na Heat Stabilizers: BPA yinga tirhisiwa tani hi antioxidant xikan’we na heat stabilizer eka switirhisiwa swin’wana swa plastiki na rhaba. Hi nkarhi wa ku lulamisiwa ka tipulasitiki, swilo swofana na mahiselo yale henhla na oxygen swiendla hiku olova eka ku dyuhala ka tipulasitiki naku onhaka, leswi khumbhaka matirhelo ya swihumelerisiwa xikan’we na vutomi bya vukorhokeri. Tanihi antioxidant, BPA yinga khoma ti free radicals eka sisiteme ya plastiki, yi sivela ku hundziseriwa ka chain ka ti oxidation reactions, naswona yi hlwela ku dyuhala ka tipulasitiki. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, tani hi xitirhisiwa xo tiyisisa ku hisa, BPA yinga antswisa ku tiya ka tipulasitiki eka tindzhawu ta mahiselo yale henhla xikan’we naku sivela tipulasitiki kuva ti bola, ku cinca ka muhlovo, na swiphiqo swin’wana loko ti lulamisiwa kumbe ku tirhisiwa. Eka switirhisiwa swa rhaba, BPA yinga tlhela yi tlanga xiave lexi fanaka, ku antswisa ku hisa na oxygen aging resistance ya rhaba xikan’we naku lehisa vutomi bya vukorhokeri bya switirhisiwa swa rhaba swofana na mathayere ya mimovha na ti rubber seals.

Minkanerisano ya Vuhlayiseki na Tinhlamulo ta Vumaki

Ku Lavisisa Makhombo ya Rihanyo: BPA yina mpimo wokarhi wa chefu yale hansi naswona yinga rhurha naku cinca eka mbango na miri wa munhu. Nhlayo leyikulu ya tidyondzo yi kombisile leswaku BPA yina switandzhaku swofana na estrogen naswona yinga kavanyeta sisiteme ya endocrine ya munhu. Ngopfu ngopfu eka tincece, nhluvukiso wa wona wa fambiselo ra ku veleka wu nga ha khumbeka, leswi yisaka eka mavabyi lama fambelanaka na fambiselo ra ku veleka. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, BPA yi nga ha tlhela yi pfuxa ku lwisana ni insulin, leswi vangaka swiphiqo swa rihanyo swo tanihi chukele leri tlakukeke engatini ni ku nyuhela ngopfu. Swikambelo swin’wana swa swiharhi swikombe leswaku swifuwo leswi ringetaka leswinga hlangana na BPA kuringana nkarhi woleha swina kukula lokunga tolovelekangiki ka swirho swaku veleka xikan’we naku cinca ka mahanyelo. Hambi leswi ndzavisiso wa vuyelo bya BPA eka rihanyo ra vanhu wa ha yaka emahlweni, matiko yo tala ya tekile magoza yo siveriwa ku tirhisiwa ka BPA eka switirhisiwa swo karhi hikwalaho ka ku vilela hi makhombo ya rihanyo.

Masungulo ya Vumaki na Nhluvukiso wa ku Landzelerisa: Hi ku languta minjhekanjhekisano ya vuhlayiseki bya BPA, matiko yo tala na swifundzha emisaveni hinkwayo hi ku landzelelana swi nghenise milawu leyi faneleke ku siveriwa ku tirhisiwa ka yona. Hi 2011, Ndzawulo ya Rihanyo ya le Chayina ni tindzawulo tin’wana ta tsevu ti humese xileriso xo yirisa ku tirhisiwa ka BPA eku endleni, ku nghenisiwa ni ku xavisiwa ka mabodlhela ya masi ya tincece. Matiko ni swifundzha swo tanihi United States, Canada na European Union na swona hi ku landzelelana swi sivele ku tirhisiwa ka BPA eka ku paka swakudya, swilo leswi endliweke hi tincece ni le ka tinsimu tin’wana. Hi ku langutana na swilaveko leswi swa milawu, indasitiri yi le ku lavisiseni hi xihatla swin’wana swo cinca BPA, ku fana na bisphenol S (BPS) na diphenyl sulfone. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, mabindzu ya vuhumelerisi ya tshama ya ri karhi ya antswisa maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi na ku tiyisisa vulawuri bya khwalithi ku hunguta nhlayo ya ku rhurha ka BPA na ku fikelela swiyimo swa milawu leswi yaka swi tika na swilaveko swa vatirhisi eka vuhlayiseki bya swikumiwa eka xisekelo xo tiyisisa matirhelo ya swikumiwa. Eka maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi bya polycarbonate na epoxy resins, mabindzu ya antswisa mpimo wa ku hundzuka ka BPA naku hunguta masalela ya BPA leyinga endliwangiki eka swihumelerisiwa hiku antswisa swiyimo swa reaction naku antswisa tisisiteme ta catalyst.

Swihlawulekisi swa kona

Xiphephana xa Vulawuri bya Khwalithi

Ha Yini Hi Hlawula BPA Ya Hina?

Hi tiyimiserile ku nyika switirhisiwa swa BPA swa khwalithi ya le henhla na ku tirha loku tiyeke. Xihlanganisi xin’wana na xin’wana kusuka eka ku xaviwa ka switirhisiwa swoka swinga tirhisiwanga kuya eka vuhumelerisi naku lulamisiwa swilandzela tisisiteme to tika ta vulawuri bya khwalithi kutiyisisa leswaku swihumelerisiwa swina vutengi byale henhla, thyaka ritsongo, naswona swikombiso hinkwaswo swi fikelela swiyimo swale henhla swa indasitiri. Hi na ntlawa wa R & D wa xiphurofexinali lowu nga nyikaka swintshuxo leswi endleriweke ku ya hi swilaveko swo hambana swa vaxavi ku pfuna vaxavi ku fikelela vutumbuluxi na nhluvukiso eka tinsimu to fana na tipulasitiki, ti-resin, na tikhemikhali letinene. Hi nkarhi lowu fanaka, hi na vuswikoti bya vufambisi bya mphakelo lebyi tirhaka kahle ku tiyisisa mphakelo wa swikumiwa hi nkarhi na ku tshamiseka ku fikelela swilaveko swa vuhumelerisi bya xikalo lexikulu xa vaxavi. Eka ndzhaku ka indasitiri ya minjhekanjhekisano ya vuhlayiseki bya BPA, hi nyikela nyingiso hi xihatla eka ku cinca ka milawu, hi ya emahlweni hi vekisa eka switirhisiwa swa R & D, na ku tlakusa ku ndlandlamuxiwa ka rihlaza na ku hlayiseka ka maendlelo ya vuhumelerisi ku nyika vaxavi swikumiwa leswi landzelaka na ku tshembheka.

Hlawula BPA ya hina, hlanganisa mavoko ku endla ku humelela loku yaka emahlweni eka xiyenge xa ​​switirhisiwa swa matirhelo ya le henhla, langutana na mintlhontlho, na ku tumbuluxa nkoka lowukulu.