Acetonitrile: Xigwitsirisi lexi tirhaka kahle na Reagent ya Organic Synthesis
Tinsimu Letikulu ta Xikombelo
Eka nxopaxopo wa tikhemikhali, acetonitrile i solvent leyi tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka nxopaxopo wa high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) na gas chromatography (GC). Yina solubility ya kahle xikan’we na viscosity yale hansi, kahle kahle yi n’okisa ti organic na inorganic compounds tohambana hambana kuva yinyika mbuyelo wa analytical lowu nga erivaleni. Acetonitrile yitlhela yitirhisiwa ku lulamisa ti standard solutions xikan’we na ti calibration fluids, kutiyisisa ku lulama naku tshembheka ka nxopaxopo.
Eka organic synthesis, acetonitrile i solvent ya nkoka xikan’we na intermediate. Yikota ku n’okisela swihlanganisi swohambana hambana swa organic, leswi nyikaka ndzhawu leyi tiyeke ya ti khemikhali. Xikombiso, eka ku endliwa ka switirhisiwa swokarhi swa le xikarhi swa mirhi na swihlanganisi swa nun’hwelo, acetonitrile yinga tirha tani hi solvent ku hlohletela reaction. Ku engetela kwalano, acetonitrile yinga hlanganyela eka ti khemikhali tokarhi ku endla ti compounds letingana mintirho yokarhi. Xikombiso, acetonitrile yinga endla ti nucleophilic substitution reactions na ntlawa wa yona wa cyano kuva yi humesa ti amine kumbe ti alcohol compounds leti fambelanaka.
Eka bindzu ra mirhi, acetonitrile yi tirhisiwa ngopfu eka maendlelo yo endla mirhi na ku basisa. Yi nga ha n’okisela swilo swo hambana-hambana leswi rhangelaka murhi ni swilo leswi nga exikarhi, leswi olovisaka ku cinca ka tikhemikhali loku tirhaka kahle. Xikombiso, eka ku endliwa ka swidlaya-switsongwatsongwana swo karhi na mirhi ya misiha ya mbilu, acetonitrile yinga tirha tani hi solvent ku engetela mpimo wa reaction na mbuyelo. Ku engetela kwalano, acetonitrile yinga tirhisiwa eka crystallization ya murhi xikan’we naku basisiwa kutiyisisa ku basa na khwalithi ya murhi.
Eka bindzu ra swinun’hweriso na switolwa, acetonitrile yitirhisiwa eka ku endliwa naku basisiwa ka swihlanganisi swa nun’hwelo. Yinga tirhisiwa ku humesa swiphemu swa ntumbuluko swa nun’hwelo, kufana na mafurha ya nkoka eka swimilani. Ku engetela kwalaho, acetonitrile yinga tirhisiwa ku endla swihlanganisi swa nun’hwelo leswingana nun’hwelo wo hlawuleka eka swinun’hweriso na switolwa.
Eka bindzu ra electronics, acetonitrile yitirhisiwa tani hi xibasisi na solvent. Yi nga susa kahle masalela na thyaka ehenhla ka swiphemu swa elektroniki, ku tiyisisa ku basa na matirhelo ya swiphemu swa elektroniki. Xikombiso, eka vumaki bya semiconductor, acetonitrile yinga tirhisiwa ku basisa vuandlalo bya ti wafers, ku susa masalela ya photoresist na thyaka rin’wana.
Hambi leswi yi tirhisiwaka hi tindlela to hambana-hambana, acetonitrile ya cinca-cinca naswona yi ni chefu, naswona ku tirhisiwa ni ku hlayisiwa ka yona swi lava magoza lama tiyeke ya vuhlayiseki. Acetonitrile yi olova ku khuluka emoyeni, hikokwalaho yifanele kutirhisiwa eka ndzhawu leyi nga na moya lowunene. Ku engetela kwalano, switolwa swa acetonitrile swina chefu nyana, naswona switirhisiwa leswi faneleke swo sirhelela swifanele ku ambariwa loko switirhisiwa ku papalata ku khumbana na nhlonge na mahlo. Eka vuhumelerisi bya ti indasitiri, kutirhisiwa ka acetonitrile hi ntolovelo swihumelela eka tisisiteme leti pfalekeke kuva kuhungutiwa ku khumbeka ka mbango.
Swihlawulekisi swa kona
| Vito ra Xiendliwa | Acetonitrile ya xirhendzevutani | |||||||||
| Fomula ya Tikhemikhali | C2H3N | |||||||||
| Ndzilo wa Molekhuli | 41,05 g/mol | |||||||||
| Xivumbeko | Mati lama nga erivaleni lama nga riki na muhlovo | |||||||||
| Ndhawu yo N’oka | -45.7°C | |||||||||
| Ndhawu yo Vila | 81.6°C | |||||||||
| Rendzo | 0.003 g/cm3 ya xirhendzevutani | |||||||||
| CAS NO | 75-05-8 | |||||||||
| Khodi ya HS | 2926909090 | |||||||||
| EINECS NO | 200-835-2 | |||||||||
| Xikombelo | Yitirhisiwa eka organic synthesis, extraction, ti pharmaceutical intermediates, na chromatographic analysis. | |||||||||
Xiphephana xa Vulawuri bya Khwalithi
| Vito ra Xiendliwa | Acetonitrile ya xirhendzevutani | ||||||
| NCHUMU | STANDARD(Khwalithi ya le henhla) . | NKOKA WA XIKAMBELANTWISISO (%) . | |||||
| Tiyuniti ta chromaticity/HaZen | 10 | 10 | |||||
| Rendzo | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm3 ya xirhendzevutani | |||||
| Ku basa/%≥ | 99.9 | 99.94 | |||||
| Ku kufumela/%≤ | 0.030 | 0.029 | |||||
| Acetone/%≤ ya xirhendzevutani | 25. | ||||||
| Acrylonitrile/%≤ ya xirhendzevutani | 25. | ||||||
| Ammonia/%≤ | 6. 6. | 1.1.1.1 | |||||
| Asidi (tanihi asidi ya acetic)/≤ | 50. | 1.8 | |||||
| Koporo/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.001 | |||||
| Nsimbi/(mg/kg)≤ | 0.5 | 0.003 g/cm3 ya xirhendzevutani | |||||
| Ndzhawu yo vila (eka 0.10133 MPa) °C | 81.0-82.0 | 81.6-82.0 | |||||
Hi ku komisa
Hiku komisa, acetonitrile, tani hi organic chemical raw material ya nkoka na solvent, yi tlanga xiave xa nkoka eka ti indasitiri to tala. A swi antswisi ntsena ku tirha kahle na mbuyelo wa ku cinca ka tikhemikhali kambe swi tlhela swi seketela nhluvukiso wa indasitiri ya manguva lawa. Hi nhluvuko wa thekinoloji lowu yaka emahlweni, ntshembo wa ku tirhisiwa ka acetonitrile wu ta anama swinene.