Global - Premier Propylene Glycol: Nkatsakanyo wa Organic lowu tirhaka hi tindlela to tala

Swihlawulekisi swa Xiviri na Tikhemikhali

Ku languteka na Ku nun’hwela: . Propylene glycol yi vonaka tanihi mati lama nga riki na muhlovo, lama vonakaka ni lama tsindziyeleke. Yina nantswo wotsakama nyana naswona yiva kusuhi naku pfumala nun’hwelo, leswi endlaka leswaku yifaneleka eka switirhisiwa laha ku lavekaka neutral sensory profile.

Ku n’oka: . Yikombisa ku hlangana kahle swinene, yikota ku hlangana hiku hetiseka na mati, ethanol, ether, acetone, chloroform, na swin’wana swotala swa organic solvents. Nhundzu leyi yi pfumelela ku tirha tani hi solvent leyi tirhaka na emulsifier eka swivumbeko swohambana hambana.

Swilo swa Nkoka swa Miri: Hi molar mass ya 76.09 g/mol, propylene glycol yina density ya kwalomu ka 1.036 g/cm3 eka 25°C, leyi tsindziyeleke nyana kutlula mati. Nhlayo ya yona yo n’oka i - 59°C, leswi endlaka leswaku yitshama yiri eka xiyimo xa mati eka mahiselo yo anama. Nhlayo ya ku vila yi yime eka 188.2°C ehansi ka ntshikelelo wa ntolovelo, leswi kombaka ku tiya ka yona eka mahiselo ya ntolovelo ya mbango. Ndzhawu ya flash yile henhla swinene, kwalomu ka 99°C (closed - cup), leswi hungutaka khombo ra ku pfurha hi xihoxo.

Ku Endliwa ka Tikhemikhali: Tanihi diol, propylene glycol yinga nghenelela eka ti khemikhali tohambana hambana leti tolovelekeke eka mintlawa ya byala. Yinga endla ti esters loko yi endliwa na ti carboxylic acids, leswinga swa nkoka swinene eka ku endliwa ka switirhisiwa swotala swa ti indasitiri na swa vatirhisi. Ku engetela kwalano, yinga endla ti dehydration reactions ehansi ka swiyimo swokarhi, leswi yisaka eka ku endliwa ka ti intramolecular cyclic ethers kumbe ti intermolecular polymers.

Tindhawu ta Swikombelo

Vumaki bya Swakudya na Swinwiwa: Propylene glycol yi tirha mintirho yotala eka xiyenge lexi. Yitirha tani hi humectant, yi pfuneta ku hlayisa ndzhongho eka switirhisiwa swa swakudya swofana na swilo leswi bakiweke, ti confectioneries, na swilo swa masi, hindlela yaleyo yi engetela vutomi bya tona bya shelf - xikan’we naku hlayisa xivumbeko. Tanihi solvent, yitirhisiwa ku n’okisa nantswo, mihlovo, na swihlayisi, leswi tiyisisaka ku hangalasiwa loku fanaka eka swivumbeko swa swakudya na swakunwa. Xikombiso, yitala ku kumeka eka swinun’hweriso swa mati swa swakunwa swo kufumela xikan’we naku rhwala mafurha ya nkoka eka switirhisiwa swa swakudya. Yitlhela yi pfumeleriwa tani hi xiengeteri xa swakudya (E1520) eka European Union, naswona hi xitalo yi amukeriwa tani hi leyi hlayisekeke (GRAS) hi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) loko yitirhisiwa eka swipimelo leswi vekiweke.

Vumaki bya Mirhi: . Eka mirhi, propylene glycol yi hoxa xandla swinene. Yitirhisiwa ngopfu tani hi solvent ya mirhi leyi nga nyawuriki hiku olova ematini, leswi olovisaka ku endliwa ka yona eka mirhi ya nomu, leyi cheriwaka na ya le henhla. Hi xikombiso, eka mirhi yo tala ya nomu leyi nga mati, propylene glycol yi pfuneta ku n’okisela swiaki leswi tirhaka swa mirhi, leswi tiyisisaka mpimo lowu kongomeke. Eka swivumbeko swa le henhla swofana na ti cream na mafurha, switirha tani hi humectant na penetration enhancer, leswi antswisaka ku amukela mirhi hi nhlonge. Yitlhela yiva na switirhisiwa swin’wana swa antibacterial na antifungal, leswi hoxaka xandla eka ku hlayisiwa ka switirhisiwa swa mirhi.

Switolwa na Nkhathalelo wa Munhu: Propylene glycol i xiaki xa nkoka eka nxaxamelo lowukulu wa switolwa na switirhisiwa swo hlayisa munhu hi xiyexe. Eka switirhisiwa swo hlayisa nhlonge swofana na ti moisturizers, serums na cleansers, switirha tani hi humectant, swikoka ndzhongho kusuka emoyeni naswona swihlanganisa na nhlonge, xisweswo swi endla leswaku nhlonge yitshama yiri na mati. Swihlawulekisi swa yona swa solvent swiendla leswaku yikota ku n’okisa swiaki swohambana hambana leswi tirhaka na swinun’hweriso, leswi tiyisisaka ku hangalasiwa ka swona hiku ringana eka switirhisiwa. Yitlhela yitirhisiwa eka switirhisiwa swo hlayisa misisi swofana na ti shampoos nati conditioners kuva yi antswisa xivumbeko xa tona xikan’we naku pfuneta eka ku rhumeriwa ka switirhisiwa leswi pfunaka eka hair shaft. Eka nail polish, propylene glycol yitirha tani hi plasticizer, yi sivela polish kuva yi brittle naku chipping hiku olova.

Switirhisiwa swa le ka tiindasitiri: Propylene glycol i xiphemu xa nkoka eka vuhumelerisi bya switirhisiwa swohambana hambana swa ti indasitiri. I raw material ya nkoka eka ku endliwa ka ti unsaturated polyester resins, leti tirhisiwaka ngopfu eka ku endliwa ka fiberglass - tipulasitiki leti tiyisisiweke. Tipulasitiki leti tikuma switirhisiwa eka ti indasitiri tofana na mimovha, ku aka, nale lwandle, hikokwalaho ka matimba ya tona yale henhla - kuya eka - ntiko xikan’we naku lwisana na corrosion. Eka bindzu ra mimovha, propylene glycol - based antifreeze na coolant formulations switirhisiwa ku lawula mahiselo ya tinjhini, ku sivela ku hisa ngopfu na ku titimela. Yitlhela yitirha tani hi solvent na carrier eka ti coatings, ti inks, na ti adhesives, leswi antswisaka matirhelo ya tona xikan’we na swivumbeko swaku tirhisiwa.

Maendlelo yo Lunghiselela

Ku Hluvukisiwa ka Mati ya Epoxy Propane: . Leyi i yin’wana ya tindlela leti tolovelekeke swinene ta tiindasitiri. Eka endlelo leri, epoxy propane (propylene oxide) yi endla reaction na mati loko ku ri na catalyst. Ku angula loku kunga humelela ehansi ka swiyimo swohambana hambana. Eka ndlela yo kongoma ya mati - hydration, mahiselo yale henhla (kwalomu ka 150 - 200°C) na ntshikelelo (0.98 - 2.94 MPa) swa tirhisiwa, na mati - kuya eka - epoxy propane molar ratio hi ntolovelo kwalomu ka 20. Hambi leswi mpimo wa ku cinca ka epoxy propane kuya eka propylene glycol wunga fika kwalomu ka 85%, swin’wana swa polypropylene glycol hi - switirhisiwa na swona swa endliwa. Ndlela yin’wana i acid - catalyzed hydrolysis, laha ku cheriwa nhlayo yintsongo ya acid catalyst (kufana na sulfuric acid). Ku cinca cinca ku endliwa eka mahiselo yale hansi swinene (50 - 70°C), naswona xiendliwa lexi humelelaka xilava ku neutralized naku basisiwa hiku tirhisa maendlelo yofana na vacuum distillation kuva ku kumiwa high - purity propylene glycol.

Glycerol Xihlohloteri xa Hydrogenolysis: . Glycerol yinga tirhisiwa tani hi raw material kuva yi humesa propylene glycol. Eka ndlela leyi, glycerol yisungula ku endla protonation ya mintlawa ya yona ya hydroxyl, ku landzela intramolecular dehydration kuva yi endla switirhisiwa swale xikarhi swofana na enols na keto - aldehyde tautomers. Switirhisiwa leswi swale xikarhi switlhela swi endla hydrogenation eka vukona bya catalyst (kufana na copper - based catalyst), ekuheteleleni swihumesa 1,2 - propylene glycol. Ndlela leyi yina mbuyelo waku tirhisa feedstock leyi pfuxetiwaka (glycerol), leyinga kumiwaka kusuka eka swihlovo swofana na vuhumelerisi bya biodiesel.

Maendlelo ya Thekinoloji ya Swilo leswi hanyaka: Switsongwatsongwana swin’wana, swofana na tinxaka tokarhi ta ti bacteria na comela, swinga endliwa leswaku swihumelerisa propylene glycol hiku tirhisa maendlelo yo virisa. Hi xikombiso, hi ku cinca swiaki swa xitekela swa Escherichia coli kumbe Klebsiella pneumoniae, swi nga endliwa leswaku swi hundzula chukele (yo tanihi glucose) kumbe glycerol yi va propylene glycol. Endlelo leri ra biotechnological ri onhi mbango loko ri pimanyisiwa na maendlelo ya ndzhavuko ya tikhemikhali, tani hileswi ri tirhaka ehansi ka swiyimo swo olova naswona ringa tirhisa swihlovo swa khaboni leswi pfuxetiwaka. Hambiswiritano, vuhumelerisi na ku durha - ku tirha kahle ka tindlela leti swa ha ri tindhawu ta ndzavisiso lowu tirhaka na ku antswisiwa.

Switsundzuxo

Swilo Leswi Langutisiwaka hi Rihanyo: Hambi leswi propylene glycol hi ntolovelo yi tekiwaka yi hlayisekile ku tirhisiwa eka swakudya, mirhi, na switolwa eka swipimelo leswi pfumeleriweke, ku hlangana na xiyimo xa le henhla kumbe ku dyiwa swi nga va na switandzhaku swo biha swa rihanyo. Ku dya ngopfu swi nga ha vanga swikombiso swo tanihi ku pfimba, ku hlanta ni ku pfimba ka khwiri. Eka swiyimo swo tika, swi nga vanga metabolic acidosis, xiyimo lexi miri wu hlengeletaka acid yo tala swinene. Ku khumbana ka nhlonge na propylene glycol leyi hlanganisiweke swi nga vanga ku hlundzuka eka vanhu van’wana, ngopfu-ngopfu lava nga na nhlonge leyi nga ni vuxiyaxiya. Ku tshama nkarhi wo leha kumbe ku phindha-phindha ku hlangana na nhlonge swi fanele ku papalatiwa. Loko switirhisiwa eka tindzhawu ta ti indasitiri, ku nghenisiwa ka moya lowu faneleke swa laveka ku sivela ku hefemula ka propylene glycol vapors, tani hileswi ku hefemula ka xiyimo xale henhla swinga vangaka ku nga tsaki ka ku hefemula.

Makhombo ya Ndzilo na ku Buluka: Propylene glycol ya pfurha, hambi leswi yingana ndzhawu yale henhla swinene ya flash point. Mimpfumawulo ya yona yi nga endla swihlanganisi leswi pfurhaka ni moya ehansi ka swiyimo swo karhi. Tindzhawu to hlayisa naku khoma tifanele ku vekiwa ekule na malangavi lawa ya pfulekeke, swibalesa, na swihlovo swin’wana swo pfurha. Swibye swo hlayisa leswinga ngheniwiki hi ndzilo na switirhisiwa leswi faneleke swo sivela ndzilo swifanele kuva kona eka tindzhawu leti propylene glycol yi hlayisiwaka kumbe kutirhisiwa eka tona.
Vuyelo bya Ntivo-mbango: Hambi leswi propylene glycol yinga biodegradable, ku humesiwa lokukulu eka mbango, ngopfu ngopfu eka mati, swahari na mbuyelo. Eka maendlelo ya le matini, yinga dya oxygen loko yi bola, leswinga khumbhaka vutomi byale matini. Hikokwalaho, vulawuri lebyi faneleke bya thyaka xikan’we na magoza yo khoma swifanele kuva swiri kona ku sivela ku humesiwa lokunga lawuriwiki ka propylene glycol eka mbango.

Swihlawulekisi swa kona

Xiphephana xa Vulawuri bya Khwalithi